Calcium imaging experiments have suggested that spines constitute individual calcium compartments2,3, but recent results have. Therefore, rather than just serving as recipients of inputs, spines likely perform a specific function. In dendritic spines, leading neurobiologist rafael yuste attempts to solve the spine problem, searching for the fundamental function of spines. Development and molecular organization of dendritic spines and their synapses. One suggestion is that spines serve to connect with passing axons, thus increasing the connectivity of the dendrites. Jul 23, 2014 dendritic spines establish most excitatory synapses in the brain and are located in purkinje cells dendrites along helical paths, perhaps maximizing the probability to contact different axons. Regulation of dendritic spine morphology by the rho family of gtpases. Electrodiffusion models of synaptic potentials in dendritic.
Apr 21, 2015 this structure was first described by santiago ramon y cajal who named it dendritic spine yuste 2015. Recently, imaging experiments have demonstrated that spines compartmentalize calcium, a role that appears necessary for inputspecific forms of synaptic plasticity. This shows why, for dendritic spines and structures of similar scale, electroneutrality remains a very accurate approximation and why it is so hard to violate under biological conditions the. But a hundred and twenty years after spines were first described by ramon y cajal, their function is still unclear. We have investigated the effect of spine movement on spine calcium dynamics with twophoton photobleaching of enhanced green fluorescent protein and calcium imaging of action potentialelicited. Dendritic spines are the contact sites for most excitatory synapses in the brain 1, 2 where they occur in vast numbers, estimated to be on the order of 10 14 for the human cerebral cortex. To test whether spine helixes also occur in neocortex, we reconstructed 500 dendritic segments from adult human cortex obtained from autopsies. Particularly, small structures such as dendritic spines might suffer from a very low level of fluorescence in the final dataset, preventing further analysis. We have recently shown that the spine neck can filter membrane potentials going into and out of the spine. Spine biophysics has been traditionally explored using theoretical models based on cable theory. Based on our haptic rendering algorithm, this procedure is intended to work as an image processing stage before the automatic segmentation step giving the final representation of the dendritic spines. Shepard1,3,4,6 and rafael yuste2,3,4 dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons, and are biochemically isolated from the parent dendritic shaft by their thin neck. Sep 08, 2011 dendritic spines receive most excitatory connections in pyramidal cells and many other principal neurons. Dendritic spines, memory, and brain preservation the brain.
He does this by examining many aspects of spine biology that have fascinated him over the. Dendritic spines mediate over 90% of excitatory connections in the mammalian brain peters and kaisermanabramof, 1970. A form of regulated plasticity at excitatory synapses. He is a visiting researcher in javier defelipes laboratory at the cajal instituteupm in madrid since 1997, and since 2012 at the allen institute for brain science in seattle. Yuste is interested in the structure and function of cortical circuits, the biophysical properties of dendritic spines and the pathophysiology of. Attenuation of synaptic potentials in dendritic spines. Recent studies have reported correlations between morphological and functional parameters of spines. Perhaps its too early to say for certain, but im now a big fan of them. But why do neurons use spines, when they could accommodate excitatory contacts directly on their dendritic shafts.
Dendritic spines from shape to function download ebook. The biophysical properties of dendritic spines play a critical role in neuronal integration but are still poorly understood, due to experimental difficulties in accessing them. Dendritic spines mit press by rafael yuste 20100924. With fourier analysis and spatial statistics, we analyzed. He does this by examining many aspects of spine biology that have fascinated him over the years, including their structure, development, motility, plasticity, biophysical properties, and calcium. Yusteregulation of dendritic spine morphology by the rho family of small gtpases. Why do excitatory axons choose to form synapses on dendritic spines rather than the dendritic shafts of the postsynaptic neuron. A numerical simulation study david tsay and rafael yuste department of biological sciences, columbia university, new york, new york 10027 received 19 september 2001. Optical characterization of potential dampening in dendritic s pine electrophysiology. Most excitatory synaptic connections occur on dendritic spines1. Regulation of spine calcium dynamics by rapid spine motility. Accordingly, synaptic activity is translated into structural changes in dendritic spines and functional changes in synaptic efficacy.
Electrodiffusion model of synaptic potentials in dendritic. This thesis introduces a new technique enabling the edition of volumetric datasets in order to recreate dendritic spine necks using a haptic device. Specifically, the spine head volume is correlated with the area of the postsynaptic density psd, the number of postsynaptic receptors and the readyreleasable pool of transmitter. Download pdf dendritic spines free online new books in. Dendritic spines by rafael yuste 97802620505 hardcover. Electrical compartmentalization in dendritic spines annual.
Indeed, when several excitatory inputs, or several dendritic spines, are stimulated simultaneously, one observes a linear summation of their potentials, even when inputs are in close proximity to each other araya et al. Brain slices are convenient preparations to study synapses, neurons, and neural circuits because, while they are easily accessed by experimental manipulations such as drug applications, intracellular recordings, and optical imaging, they preserve. Regulation of dendritic spine morphology by the rho family. In this essay i argue that these two simple observations can point to a general model for how neurons integrate inputs and how neural. The dendritic spine is a ubiquitous feature in the nervous system, whose function is still poorly understood and heavily investigated. Spines are particularly associated with neurons where inputs from diverse sources converge, such as pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, whose dendrites commonly have several thousand spines.
Click download or read online button to get dendritic spines from shape to function book now. Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the cns and compartmentalize calcium. It is becoming clear that, although spines experience voltages similar to. Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory inputs in the brain. When modeling current flow in neurons, traditional cable theory ignores electrodiffusion i. Arellano and ruth benavidespiccione and javier defelipe and rafael yuste, title ultrastructure of dendritic spines. Role of dendritic spines in action potential backpropagation. As cajal himself wrote, the future will prove the great physiological role played by the dendritic spines ramon y cajal, 1904. Rafael yuste born april 25, 1963 in madrid is a spanish neurobiologist and one of the initiators of the brain initiative announced in 20.
Calcium imaging experiments have suggested that spines constitute individual calcium compartments2,3, but. Dendritic spines likely offer distinct advantages for excitatory neurotransmission and function of the. Although spines biochemically isolate inputs, nonspiny neurons can also implement biochemical compartmentalization. Dendritic spines and distributed circuits europe pmc. Yuste r 2011 dendritic spines and distributed circuits. This assumption, while true for large neuronal compartments, fails when applied to femtoliter size compartments such as dendritic spines small. We then introduce our foursteps procedure for the complete reconstruction of dendritic spines. Electrical compartmentalization in dendritic spines. Dendritic spines download dendritic spines ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format.
Nov 15, 2000 dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the cns and compartmentalize calcium. Dendritic spines as basic functional units of neuronal. Ramon y cajal, 1899 and have a peculiar structure composed of a bulbous head 1. Dendritic spines are dynamic protrusions of the postsynaptic membrane that present a.
Dendritic spines receive most excitatory connections in pyramidal cells and many other principal neurons. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neurons cell body. Dendritic spines linearize the summation of excitatory. Yuste is interested in the structure and function of cortical circuits, the biophysical properties of dendritic spines and the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Apr 21, 2015 dendritic spines were considered an artifact of the golgi method until a brash spanish histologist, santiago ramon y cajal, bet his scientific career arguing that they were indeed real, correctly deducing their key role in mediating synaptic connectivity. Over the past decades, many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the spe.
Ensure your research is discoverable on semantic scholar. Spines are recipients of excitatory inputs in many neurons, including pyramidal cells, but excitatory inputs in nonspiny neurons contact dendritic shafts. What is less appreciated is that, while essentially every spine has a synapse arellano et al. The discovery of dendritic spines rafael yuste our story starts in the spring of 1888, in barcelona. Dec 05, 2006 in mammalian cortex, most excitatory inputs occur on dendritic spines, avoiding dendritic shafts. Dendritic spines by rafael yuste overdrive rakuten. Cortical area and species differences in dendritic spine. A dendritic spine or spine is a small membranous protrusion from a neurons dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Frontiers the discovery of dendritic spines by cajal. Most excitatory inputs in the cns contact dendritic spines, avoiding dendritic shafts, so spines must play a key role for neurons. This study aims to quantitatively characterize the electrophysiology of the dendritic spine as compared to that of its adjacent dendritic. Director, neurotechnology center, columbia university. Although it is clear that spines compartmentalize calcium, it is still unknown what role, if any, they play in integrating synaptic inputs.
Dendritic spine actin dynamics in neuronal maturation and. Over the past decades, many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the specific function of spines. To investigate the electrical function of spines directly, we used second harmonic generation shg imaging of membrane potential in pyramidal neurons from hippocampal cultures and. Save up to 80% by choosing the etextbook option for isbn. Pdf volume haptics and dendritic spine editing semantic. Morphological changes in dendritic spines associated with longterm synaptic plasticity. Dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons, and are biochemically isolated from the parent dendritic shaft by their thin neck. Dendritic spines mit press by rafael yuste 20100924 skip to main content. Recent evidence has demonstrated linear relationships between the size and length of dendritic spines and important features of its synaptic junction and time constants for calcium compartmentalisation. At that time, this progressive city was undergoing a febrile creative period in. Arellano 1, a, ruth benavidespiccione 1, javier defelipe 1. Optical characterization of potential dampening in. Semantic scholar profile for rafael yuste, with 174 highly influential citations and 54 scientific research papers. Dendritic spines are critical elements of cortical circuits, since they establish most excitatory synapses.
Rafael yuste, md, phd the kavli institute for brain science. Therefore, the morphologies of dendritic spines can be directly interpreted functionally. Imaging membrane potential in dendritic spines mutsuo nuriya, jiang jiang, boaz nemet, kenneth b. Random positions of dendritic spines in human cerebral cortex. However, due to the lack of direct electrical recordings from spines, the in.
Even a neophyte who has never before looked at a golgi stain of cortical samples can distinguish two basic structural features. Random positions of dendritic spines in human cerebral. Most neurons in the brain are covered by dendritic spines, small protrusions that arise from dendrites, covering them like leaves on a tree. Dendritic spines occupy a strategic position in the central nervous system, yet their function is still under debate. Dendritic spines were considered an artifact of the golgi method until a brash spanish histologist, santiago ramon y cajal, bet his scientific career arguing that they were indeed real, correctly deducing their key role in mediating synaptic connectivity. Only negligible deviations from electroneutrality are. Dendritic spines by rafael yuste and publisher the mit press. To investigate the electrical function of spines directly, we used second harmonic generation shg imaging of membrane potential in pyramidal neurons from hippocampal cultures and neocortical. As recently indicated by yuste, in order to understand how the neural circuit functions it is important to ask. Spines also undergo rapid morphological changes, although the function of this motility is still unclear. Dendritic spines rafael yuste a leading neurobiologist explores the fundamental function of dendritic spines in neural circuits by analyzing different aspects of their biology, including structure, development, motility, and plasticity.
Dendritic spines 97802620505, 9780262258517 vitalsource. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Author links open overlay panel tobias bonhoeffer 3 1 rafael yuste 3 2. Dendritic spines and distributed circuits sciencedirect. Jan 17, 2006 dendritic spines mediate most excitatory inputs in the brain. The actin cytoskeleton is a structural element underlying the proper development and morphology of dendritic spines, where it controls the morphological and structural changes induced by synapse activation.
Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the neocortex and are morphologically very diverse. Eisenthal, and rafael yuste howard hughes medical institute, department of biological sciences, and department of chemistry, columbia university, new york, ny 10027. Dendritic spines pdf rafael yuste dendritic spines. But a hundred and twenty years after spines were first described by ramon y. Recent data suggest that, in addition to enhancing connectivity and isolating synaptic biochemistry, spines can behave as electrical compartments independent from their parent dendrites.
683 838 1191 1231 1232 1021 966 1029 1029 1425 555 881 368 17 1192 1320 699 1356 260 298 749 681 17 800 446 1500 88 791 496 906 27 1166 1414 737 578 991 603 1344 1313 916 799 211 590 1474 754